{
  "$comment": "Machine-readable egress pricing dataset behind egress.24h.sh. Every rate is taken from the provider's own pricing page or pricing API on the date recorded in `checked`. Volume convention: 1 TB = 1024 GB, matching how AWS and Azure define their own tier boundaries.",
  "updated": "2026-08-10",
  "convention": {
    "tb_in_gb": 1024,
    "scope": "outbound data transfer to the public internet, from a North America or Europe region, on-demand list prices, no contractual discounts",
    "excluded": [
      "inter-region traffic",
      "inter-availability-zone traffic",
      "CDN delivery (separate price list)",
      "interconnect / direct connect",
      "private cloud-to-cloud links"
    ]
  },
  "fx": {
    "EURUSD": 1.1535,
    "source": "European Central Bank euro foreign exchange reference rate",
    "url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml",
    "date": "2026-08-07"
  },
  "providers": [
    {
      "id": "aws",
      "name": "AWS",
      "category": "compute",
      "model": "metered",
      "unit": "GB",
      "currency": "USD",
      "free_gb": 100,
      "free_note": "100 GB/month, aggregated across all AWS services and regions",
      "tiers": [
        { "upto_gb": 10240, "price": 0.09 },
        { "upto_gb": 51200, "price": 0.085 },
        { "upto_gb": 153600, "price": 0.07 },
        { "upto_gb": null, "price": 0.05 }
      ],
      "exit_clause": "Free data transfer out when moving all data off AWS, or all data off a particular AWS service.",
      "source": "AWS Price List Bulk API, offer AWSDataTransfer (transferType: AWS Outbound, toLocation: External); identical in us-east-1 and eu-central-1",
      "url": "https://pricing.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/offers/v1.0/aws/AWSDataTransfer/current/index.json",
      "checked": "2026-08-10"
    },
    {
      "id": "azure",
      "name": "Microsoft Azure",
      "category": "compute",
      "model": "metered",
      "unit": "GB",
      "currency": "USD",
      "free_gb": 100,
      "free_note": "First 100 GB/month, all regions",
      "tiers": [
        { "upto_gb": 10240, "price": 0.087 },
        { "upto_gb": 51200, "price": 0.083 },
        { "upto_gb": 153600, "price": 0.07 },
        { "upto_gb": 512000, "price": 0.05 }
      ],
      "exit_clause": "Free egress for customers leaving Azure; beyond the standard 100 GB you claim it as a credit.",
      "source": "Azure bandwidth pricing page; rates independently confirmed via the Azure Retail Prices API (serviceName: Bandwidth, region eastus)",
      "url": "https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/pricing/details/bandwidth/",
      "checked": "2026-08-10"
    },
    {
      "id": "gcp-premium",
      "name": "Google Cloud (Premium Tier)",
      "category": "compute",
      "model": "metered",
      "unit": "GiB",
      "currency": "USD",
      "free_gb": 1,
      "free_note": "1 GiB/month. Not a typo: two orders of magnitude below AWS and Azure.",
      "tiers": [
        { "upto_gb": 1024, "price": 0.12 },
        { "upto_gb": 10240, "price": 0.11 },
        { "upto_gb": null, "price": 0.08 }
      ],
      "destination_note": "Premium Tier is priced by destination. Rates here are traffic to North America. To Europe the top tier is $0.085/GiB, to Australia/Korea/Indonesia/South America $0.15-$0.19, to China $0.20-$0.23.",
      "exit_clause": "Free egress when migrating data off Google Cloud, on request.",
      "source": "Google Cloud network pricing, Premium Tier internet data transfer out (Google retired the word \"egress\" in favour of \"data transfer out\")",
      "url": "https://cloud.google.com/vpc/network-pricing",
      "checked": "2026-08-10"
    },
    {
      "id": "gcp-standard",
      "name": "Google Cloud (Standard Tier)",
      "category": "compute",
      "model": "metered",
      "unit": "GiB",
      "currency": "USD",
      "free_gb": 200,
      "free_note": "First 200 GiB/month per account, across all regions",
      "tiers": [
        { "upto_gb": 10240, "price": 0.085 },
        { "upto_gb": 153600, "price": 0.065 },
        { "upto_gb": null, "price": 0.045 }
      ],
      "destination_note": "Standard Tier rides the public internet instead of Google's backbone, and must be selected explicitly: Premium is the default.",
      "source": "Google Cloud network pricing, Standard Tier",
      "url": "https://cloud.google.com/vpc/network-pricing",
      "checked": "2026-08-10"
    },
    {
      "id": "oci",
      "name": "Oracle Cloud (OCI)",
      "category": "compute",
      "model": "metered",
      "unit": "GB",
      "currency": "USD",
      "free_gb": 10240,
      "free_note": "First 10 TB/month free, per region group",
      "tiers": [{ "upto_gb": null, "price": 0.0085 }],
      "source": "Oracle cloud networking price list. The free 10 TB tier is on the price list itself; the over-10 TB per-GB rate is published by Oracle but rendered client-side, so treat it as pending a direct citation.",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/cloud/networking/pricing/",
      "confidence": "rate above 10 TB needs a direct citation",
      "checked": "2026-08-10"
    },
    {
      "id": "hetzner",
      "name": "Hetzner Cloud (EU)",
      "category": "compute",
      "model": "bundled",
      "unit": "GB",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "free_gb": 20480,
      "free_note": "At least 20 TB included per server in EU locations. US and Singapore locations include 1 TB.",
      "tiers": [{ "upto_gb": null, "price": 0.0009765625 }],
      "price_note": "Overage is EUR 1.00 per TB, billed in 100 MB blocks rounded up. Per-GB figure is EUR 1.00 / 1024.",
      "source": "Hetzner Cloud pricing and billing FAQ: \"We only bill for outgoing traffic. Incoming and internal traffic is free.\"",
      "url": "https://docs.hetzner.com/cloud/billing/faq/",
      "confidence": "included volume and EUR 1/TB rate read from a client-rendered pricing page",
      "checked": "2026-08-10"
    },
    {
      "id": "ovh",
      "name": "OVHcloud",
      "category": "compute",
      "model": "included",
      "unit": "GB",
      "currency": "EUR",
      "free_gb": null,
      "free_note": "Unmetered outside Asia-Pacific",
      "tiers": [],
      "price_note": "\"Usually, market players bill network traffic for instances, or API calls for Object Storage. These are free with OVHcloud (excluding the Asia-Pacific region).\"",
      "source": "OVHcloud Public Cloud price list",
      "url": "https://www.ovhcloud.com/en/public-cloud/prices/",
      "checked": "2026-08-10"
    },
    {
      "id": "digitalocean",
      "name": "DigitalOcean",
      "category": "compute",
      "model": "bundled",
      "unit": "GiB",
      "currency": "USD",
      "free_gb": 512,
      "free_note": "From 500 GiB per Droplet, pooled across the whole team. Assumes one entry-level Droplet.",
      "tiers": [{ "upto_gb": null, "price": 0.01 }],
      "source": "DigitalOcean bandwidth billing docs: \"Transfer allowance and usage is pooled cumulatively across all Droplets at the team level, not individually per Droplet.\"",
      "url": "https://docs.digitalocean.com/platform/billing/bandwidth/",
      "checked": "2026-08-10"
    },
    {
      "id": "vultr",
      "name": "Vultr",
      "category": "compute",
      "model": "bundled",
      "unit": "GB",
      "currency": "USD",
      "free_gb": 2048,
      "free_note": "2 TB free outbound per month per account, on top of whatever each subscription includes. Pooled globally. Assumes the account allowance only.",
      "tiers": [{ "upto_gb": null, "price": 0.01 }],
      "source": "Vultr bandwidth overage rate doc plus the pricing announcement that introduced 2 TB free monthly egress, free ingress and global pooling",
      "url": "https://docs.vultr.com/support/platform/billing/what-is-the-bandwidth-overage-rate",
      "checked": "2026-08-10"
    },
    {
      "id": "akamai",
      "name": "Akamai Cloud (Linode)",
      "category": "compute",
      "model": "bundled",
      "unit": "GB",
      "currency": "USD",
      "free_gb": 1024,
      "free_note": "Included transfer scales with the plan, from 0 to 20 TB/month, pooled at account level. Assumes a 1 TB entry plan.",
      "tiers": [{ "upto_gb": null, "price": 0.005 }],
      "price_note": "Overage is $0.005/GB in core data centres, $0.01/GB distributed, $0.007/GB Sao Paulo, $0.015/GB Jakarta.",
      "source": "Akamai TechDocs, network transfer usage and costs",
      "url": "https://techdocs.akamai.com/cloud-computing/docs/network-transfer-usage-and-costs",
      "checked": "2026-08-10"
    },
    {
      "id": "r2",
      "name": "Cloudflare R2",
      "category": "storage",
      "model": "included",
      "unit": "GB",
      "currency": "USD",
      "free_gb": null,
      "free_note": "No egress charge at any volume",
      "tiers": [],
      "price_note": "\"Egressing directly from R2, including via the Workers API, S3 API, and r2.dev domains does not incur data transfer (egress) charges and is free.\" You pay for storage ($0.015/GB-month) and operations (Class A $4.50/million, Class B $0.36/million) instead, so zero egress is not zero cost.",
      "source": "Cloudflare R2 pricing",
      "url": "https://developers.cloudflare.com/r2/pricing/",
      "checked": "2026-08-10"
    },
    {
      "id": "b2",
      "name": "Backblaze B2",
      "category": "storage",
      "model": "ratio",
      "unit": "GB",
      "currency": "USD",
      "free_multiple_of_storage": 3,
      "free_note": "Free egress up to 3x your average monthly stored volume, then $0.01/GB",
      "tiers": [{ "upto_gb": null, "price": 0.01 }],
      "price_note": "Storage is $6.95/TB/month; the monthly average is computed from byte-hours over the billing cycle. B2 Overdrive from $15/TB/month includes unlimited free egress.",
      "source": "Backblaze B2 Cloud Storage pricing",
      "url": "https://www.backblaze.com/cloud-storage/pricing",
      "checked": "2026-08-10"
    },
    {
      "id": "wasabi",
      "name": "Wasabi",
      "category": "storage",
      "model": "policy",
      "unit": "GB",
      "currency": "USD",
      "free_multiple_of_storage": 1,
      "free_note": "No egress fee, but only while monthly egress stays at or below your active stored volume",
      "tiers": [],
      "price_note": "There is no overage price, because there is no overage: exceed the fair-use guideline regularly and Wasabi \"reserve the right to limit or suspend your service\". Above 100 TB of downloads per month Wasabi states the use case is not a fit for its free egress policy. Storage lists at $7.99/TB/month; a pricing change took effect 2026-07-01.",
      "source": "Wasabi pricing page and pay-as-you-go pricing FAQ",
      "url": "https://wasabi.com/pricing/faq",
      "checked": "2026-08-10"
    }
  ],
  "events": [
    {
      "date": "2024-01-11",
      "title": "EU Data Act enters application",
      "detail": "Switching charges become permissible only up to the provider's actual direct costs, ahead of a full ban.",
      "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/factpages/data-act-explained"
    },
    {
      "date": "2024-02-01",
      "title": "Google Cloud raises some Premium Tier data-transfer SKUs",
      "detail": "Announced on the network pricing page as a price increase for part of the Premium Tier internet data transfer out catalogue.",
      "url": "https://cloud.google.com/vpc/network-pricing"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-07-01",
      "title": "Wasabi pricing change takes effect",
      "detail": "Wasabi's May 2026 pricing FAQ sets a 2026-07-01 effective date and references the existing $6.99/TB plan; the list price today is $7.99/TB.",
      "url": "https://docs.wasabi.com/docs/may-2026-wasabi-pricing-faqs"
    },
    {
      "date": "2027-01-12",
      "title": "EU Data Act bans switching charges outright",
      "detail": "Charges for switching provider, including egress charged for the migration itself, become unlawful for any provider serving EU customers, across IaaS, PaaS and SaaS. Operational egress is untouched.",
      "url": "https://www.eu-data-act.com/Data_Act_Article_29.html"
    }
  ]
}